US House approves Uighur Bill demanding sanctions on senior Chinese officials
04 December, 2019
The US House of Representatives on Tuesday (Dec 4) overwhelmingly approved a Bill that would require the Trump administration to toughen its response to China's action against its Muslim minority, demanding sanctions on senior Chinese officials and export bans.
The Uighur Act of 2019 is a stronger version of a Bill that angered Beijing when it passed the Senate in September.
It calls on President Donald Trump to impose sanctions for the first time on a member of China's powerful politburo, even as he seeks a deal with Beijing to end a damaging trade war buffeting the global economy.
The Bill, passed 407 to 1 in the House, requires the US president to condemn abuses against Muslims and call for the closure of mass detention camps in the northwestern region of Xinjiang.
"Today the human dignity and human rights of the Uighur community are under threat from Beijing's barbarous actions, which are an outrage to the collective conscience of the world," House Speaker Nancy Pelosi told her colleagues shortly before the vote.
Congress "is taking a critical step to counter Beijing's horrific human rights abuses against Uighurs," she said.
"America is watching."
Pelosi lashed out at Chinese authorities for orchestrating a repressive crackdown that includes pervasive mass state surveillance, solitary confinement, beatings, forced sterilization "and other forms of torture."
"WANTONLY SMEARS CHINA"
China said it resolutely opposes the Bill.
It calls for sanctions against senior Chinese officials who it says are responsible and specifically names Xinjiang Communist Party Secretary Chen Quanguo, who, as a politburo member, is in the upper echelons of China's leadership.
Beijing called on the United States to prevent the Bill from becoming law and warned - without elaborating - that it would respond "according to the development of the situation."
The Bill "deliberately denigrates China's human rights situation in Xinjiang, wantonly smears China's efforts to eliminate extremism and combat terrorism (and) viciously attacks the Chinese government's policy of governing Xinjiang," foreign ministry spokeswoman Hua Chunying said in a statement.
The Chinese state-owned tabloid The Global Times quoted experts as saying Beijing will take "strong countermeasures" - including releasing an "unreliable entity list" that could sanction and restrict some US entities in the country, and imposing sanctions on US officials.
Rights groups and witnesses accuse China of forcibly trying to draw Uighurs away from their Islamic customs and integrate them into the majority Han culture.
After initially denying their existence, Beijing cast the facilities as "vocational education centers" where "students" learn Mandarin and job skills in an effort to steer them away from religious extremism, terrorism and separatism.
"WIPE OUT UIGHUR IDENTITY"
The House Bill would require the State Department to produce a report within one year on the crackdown in Xinjiang.
It would also require the Commerce Department to ban US exports to entities in Xinjiang that are known to be used in the detention or surveillance of Muslim minorities, including facial recognition technology.
Republican Marco Rubio, a sponsor of the legislation in the US Senate, warned that China's government and Communist Party are "working to systematically wipe out the ethnic and cultural identities" of Uighurs.
He applauded the House passage and said he looked forward to getting a reconciled Bill to Trump's desk.
The revised Bill still has to be approved by the Senate before being sent to Trump. The White House has yet to say whether Trump would sign or veto the Bill, which contains a provision allowing the president to waive sanctions if he determines this to be in the national interest.
The White House and the Chinese embassy in Washington did not immediately respond to requests for comment.
The Bill comes days after Trump angered Beijing by signing into law congressional legislation supporting anti-government protesters in Hong Kong.
China responded to that on Monday by saying US military ships and aircraft would not be allowed to visit Hong Kong, and announced sanctions against several US non-government organizations.
Analysts say China's reaction to passage of the Uighur Bill could be stronger, though some doubted it would go so far as imposing visa bans on the likes of Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, who has called China's treatment of Uighurs "the stain of the century" and has been repeatedly denounced by Beijing.
On Tuesday, the editor-in-chief of China's Global Times newspaper said China might ban all US diplomatic passport holders from entering Xinjiang and that Beijing was also considering visa restrictions on US officials and lawmakers with "odious performance" on the Xinjiang issue.
"MODERN-DAY CONCENTRATION CAMPS"
Republican Congressman Chris Smith called China's actions in "modern-day concentration camps" in Xinjiang "audaciously repressive," involving "mass internment of millions on a scale not seen since the Holocaust."
"We cannot be silent. We must demand an end to these barbaric practices," Smith said, adding that Chinese officials must be held accountable for "crimes against humanity."
Democratic House Leader Nancy Pelosi called China's treatment of the Uighurs "an outrage to the collective conscience of the world."
"America is watching," she said.
Chris Johnson, a China expert at Washington's Center for Strategic and International Studies, said passage of the Bill could lead to a further blurring of lines between the trade issue and the broader deteriorating Sino-US relationship, which China in the past has tended to keep separate.
"I think there's a sort of piling on factor here that the Chinese are concerned about," he said.
Trump said on Monday the Hong Kong legislation did not make trade negotiations with China easier, but he still believed Beijing wanted a deal.
However, on Tuesday, he said an agreement might have to wait until after the US presidential election in November 2020.
Johnson said he did not think passage of the Uighur act would cause the delay, but added: "It would be another dousing of kindling with fuel."
The House Bill requires the president to submit to Congress within 120 days a list of officials responsible for the abuses and to impose sanctions on them under the Global Magnitsky Act, which provides for visa bans and asset freezes.
Democratic lawmaker Brad Sherman said it was "long past the point when this should have been done," adding: "It should not be linked to ongoing negotiations on trade or any other issues."
The Bill also requires the secretary of state to submit a report on abuses in Xinjiang, to include assessments of the numbers held in re-education and forced labor camps. United Nations experts and activists say at least 1 million Uighurs and members of other largely Muslim minority groups have been detained in the camps.
It also effectively bans the export to China of items that can be used for surveillance of individuals, including facial and voice-recognition technology.
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